What should be paid attention to in the process of processing products by the knife die engraving machine?

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The precision carving machine for die is the key equipment for machining precision die (such as die-cutting die, laser die, etc.), and its machining accuracy directly affects the use effect of die. In the process of processing, attention should be paid to the following matters to ensure the processing quality, equipment safety and operation specifications:

First, preparation before processing: basic guarantee

Material inspection and fixing

Confirm whether the flatness and thickness of the base material (such as wood board, plywood and metal plate) of the knife die meet the requirements of the drawings, so as to avoid processing errors caused by material deformation and warping.

Fix the material on the workbench with fixture or vacuum adsorption device to ensure firm fixation (especially in high-speed machining), and prevent the material from loosening and causing vibration, displacement and even damage to the tool.

If there are impurities (such as burrs and oil stains) on the surface of the material, it should be cleaned in advance to avoid affecting the positioning accuracy.

Tool selection and installation

According to the processing material (wood/metal) and processing technology (cutting/engraving/grooving), choose suitable tools: for example, straight knives and spiral knives are commonly used for cutting wood, and cemented carbide knives or high-speed steel knives are needed for metal processing.

Check whether the tool is in good condition: whether the blade is sharp, whether it is cracked, and whether the handle is worn (to avoid loose clamping).

When installing the tool, aim at the center of the spindle, tighten it with a wrench (if the force is moderate, it may damage the spindle, and if it is too loose, it will easily cause the tool to fall off), and make sure that the extended length of the tool meets the requirements of machining depth.

Equipment and parameter inspection

Check all parts of the equipment: whether the spindle runs normally (with or without abnormal noise), whether the lubrication of the guide rail is sufficient, and whether the emergency stop button is sensitive.

Check the machining drawings and procedures: confirm whether the paths (cutting lines and engraving patterns) generated by CAD/CAM software are consistent with the drawings, and focus on checking whether the origin of coordinate system (zero point of X/Y/Z axis), machining range (to avoid exceeding the travel) and cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed speed and cutting depth) are suitable for materials and tools.

Trial cutting verification: for the first piece or new material, first try cutting in a small range to test the rationality of the parameters (if the feed speed is too fast, it may lead to tool edge collapse, while if it is too slow, the efficiency will be low and the surface will be rough).

Second, the operation in processing: pay equal attention to accuracy and safety.

Parameter real-time monitoring

Spindle speed: adjust according to tool diameter and material (for example, small diameter tools need high speed to avoid excessive cutting force; Metal processing speed is usually higher than wood), to prevent the tool from overheating or rough machining surface caused by too low speed.

Feed speed: to match the cutting depth, the feed speed of hard materials (such as metal) needs to be reduced, and the feed speed of soft materials (such as wood) can be appropriately increased to avoid "tool blocking" (the tool is stuck by materials).

Cutting depth: The single cutting depth should not be too large (especially for hard materials). It is suggested to cut in layers to reduce the tool load and prolong the service life.

Machining path and cooling

Observe whether the machining path is smooth: if there is path overlap, tool jumping or interference (such as tool collision with fixture), immediately suspend and modify the program.

Turn on the cooling system: cutting fluid is needed for metal processing (reducing tool wear and material thermal deformation); Air cooling can be used for wood processing (to avoid wood chips sticking to the cutter), so as to ensure that the cooling device is aimed at the cutting point.

Abnormal situation handling

If there is abnormal sound (such as "click" sound), intensified vibration, sparks or peculiar smell during machining, immediately press the emergency stop button to check whether the tool is cracked, whether the material is loose and whether the spindle is abnormal.

Avoid touching the rotating tool or moving workbench during machining, and do not clean the cutting waste by hand (brush or vacuum cleaner is needed).

III. Post-processing: Quality and Maintenance

Finished product inspection

After the machined part is removed, use calipers, micrometers and other tools to measure key dimensions (such as groove depth and cutting edge angle), check the surface roughness, whether there is burr or edge collapse, and confirm that it meets the tolerance requirements of the drawings.

If errors are found, analyze the causes (such as tool wear, parameter error, material deformation), and rework after adjustment.

Equipment and tool maintenance

Clean up the waste and dust on the workbench and guide rail (which can be purged by compressed air) to avoid impurities entering the guide rail and affecting the accuracy.

Remove the tools, clean them and store them separately (sharp tools need to be placed separately to avoid bumping), check the wear and tear, and replace the scrapped tools in time.

Add guide rail lubricating oil and spindle coolant according to the equipment instructions to ensure smooth operation next time.

Fourth, safety regulations: can not be ignored

Operator protection

Protective glasses (to prevent debris from splashing) and non-slip gloves (when loading and unloading materials) must be worn, long hair should be tied up, and loose clothes are prohibited (to avoid being involved in equipment).

When machining, stand in a safe area (away from rotating parts). It is forbidden to lean against the equipment or put irrelevant items on the workbench.

Emergency operation

Memorize the position of the emergency stop button, press it immediately in case of emergency (such as tool falling off and material flying out), and then handle it after the equipment stops completely.

It is forbidden to modify parameters, change tools or adjust materials when the equipment is running.

V. Environmental requirements: Reduce external interference.

Keep the workshop environment clean and tidy, and avoid excessive dust (dust removal equipment can be installed). Dust entering the spindle or guide rail will accelerate wear.

Control the ambient temperature (15-30℃ is recommended) and humidity (40%-60%). Severe temperature changes may cause materials or equipment parts to expand when heated and contract when cooled, which will affect the accuracy.

The equipment should be well grounded to avoid static electricity or voltage instability interfering with the control system.

summary

Precision and safety are the core of the processing of the die carving machine, which should be strictly controlled from the aspects of materials, tools, parameters, operation and environment. The standardized process can not only ensure the quality of the die, but also prolong the service life of the equipment and reduce the risk of failure. For novices, it is suggested to familiarize yourself with the machining path through simulation software first, then carry out actual operation and gradually accumulate experience.