What should be paid attention to in the daily maintenance of the electrical system of the knife die precision engraving machine?

The electrical system of the die precision engraving machine is the "nerve center" of the equipment operation, which is responsible for controlling the movement accuracy, power output and signal transmission, and its daily maintenance is directly related to the stability and safety of the equipment. The following are the core precautions for daily maintenance of electrical systems:

First, basic safety and power-off operation

Power must be cut off before maintenance: All electrical system maintenance operations must be carried out when the equipment is completely cut off (turn off the main power supply and unplug the plug) to avoid the risk of electric shock or short circuit.

Confirm capacitor discharge: For circuits with capacitors (such as spindle drive module), it is necessary to wait for the capacitor to completely discharge (usually let it stand for 10-15 minutes after power failure), and then disassemble or check the components to prevent the residual charge from injuring people.

Second, the line and interface inspection

Power cord and cable

Regularly check whether the insulation layers of the main power line, motor power line and signal line are damaged or aging. If cracks and wear are found, the cables of the same specification should be replaced immediately (temporary splicing is not allowed) to prevent leakage or signal interference.

Arrange the cable direction, prevent the cable from being squeezed and dragged by the moving parts of the equipment, ensure that the cable is firmly fixed (for example, it is fixed in the trunking with a cable tie), and reduce the pulling stress at the joint.

Interface and plug

Check whether all interfaces (such as motor plug, control card interface and sensor interface) are loose, oxidized or have foreign objects (such as dust and metal chips).

If the interface is oxidized (patina or blackening), gently polish the contact with fine sandpaper, wipe it clean with anhydrous alcohol, dry it and re-insert it to ensure good contact.

When plugging and unplugging the plug, vertical force is required to avoid bending or breaking the pin caused by shaking left and right.

Third, the control cabinet and cooling system maintenance

Control cabinet cleaning

Purge the inside of the control cabinet with a high-pressure air gun (adjusted to medium-low pressure) every week, and focus on cleaning the dust on the surfaces of circuit boards, relays and contactors (dust accumulation will lead to poor heat dissipation or even short circuit).

It is forbidden to directly wipe the circuit board with wet cloth or alcohol. If there is oil stain, gently wipe it with a cotton swab dipped in a small amount of alcohol to prevent liquid from infiltrating into the components.

Cooling fan and ventilation

Check whether the cooling fan of the control cabinet operates normally (listen to the sound and feel the air volume). If the fan sounds abnormally or stops running, replace the fan of the same model in time to ensure that the temperature in the cabinet does not exceed 40℃ (high temperature will accelerate the aging of electronic components).

Clean the fan filter screen (if any), remove dust, fibers and other blockages to ensure smooth ventilation; Avoid piling up sundries around the control cabinet, and reserve at least 30cm heat dissipation space.

Four, the core electrical components inspection

Drive module (such as step/servo driver)

Observe the status of the driver indicator light (normally it is a steady green light during normal operation, and flashing or red light may indicate a fault). If it is abnormal, refer to the equipment manual to check the causes (such as overload, overvoltage and wiring error).

Check whether the connecting wires between the driver and the motor match (current and signal pins correspond), so as to avoid the driver burning due to wrong connection.

Motor (step/servo motor)

Monitor the motor for abnormal noise (such as screaming and jamming) during operation. If so, it may be that the motor bearing is worn or the driver parameters are abnormal, so it needs to be stopped for inspection.

Touch the motor housing (after running for a period of time), if the temperature is too high (over 60℃, it feels hot), it may be due to excessive load or poor heat dissipation, so it is necessary to check the mechanical jam or adjust the driver current parameters.

Relays, Contactors and Circuit Breakers

Check whether the contact is ablated (blackened or sunken). If the contact is damaged, replace the components with the same specification to prevent the circuit from being broken or spark interference caused by poor contact.

When operating the switches such as circuit breakers and emergency stop buttons, do you feel smooth? If they are stuck or out of order, they need to be repaired or replaced in time to ensure reliable power failure in an emergency.

Sensors and limit switches

Check whether the sensing surfaces of the origin switch and limit switch are covered with dust, and wipe them clean with a soft cloth; Manually trigger the switch, and observe whether the control system responds (for example, the screen displays the in-place signal) to ensure the positioning accuracy.

V. Control System and Software Maintenance

Control card and motherboard

Avoid frequent plugging and unplugging of the control card to prevent static electricity from damaging the chip; If it is necessary to disassemble, it is necessary to release human static electricity (such as touching grounded metal) first.

Regularly check whether the capacitor on the control card bulges or leaks (brown liquid bulges or appears at the top of the capacitor). If so, replace the capacitor with the same specification to prevent the motherboard from failing.

Software and parameters

It is forbidden to install irrelevant software or browse unknown websites on computers connected with devices, so as to avoid the control system from crashing due to virus infection.

Periodically back up equipment parameters (such as motor pulse equivalent, speed and acceleration parameters) and store them in an independent U-disk or computer to prevent the parameters from being lost after misoperation.

Non-professionals are not allowed to modify the firmware or driver of the control system without authorization. If it is necessary to upgrade, it is necessary to strictly follow the steps provided by the manufacturer.

VI. Environment and Moisture Protection

Dampproof and dustproof: electrical system components (especially circuit boards and interfaces) are afraid of moisture and dust, and the workshop should be kept dry (humidity is recommended to be 50%-70%). Dampproof agents can be placed in the control cabinet in wet areas; When the machine is shut down for a long time, it is necessary to cover the equipment with a dust cover, and power on it regularly to drive out the tide (power on for 30 minutes every week).

Stay away from interference sources: avoid equipment close to strong electromagnetic interference sources (such as welding machines and high-power transformers) to prevent inaccurate positioning caused by interference in signal transmission; If necessary, the signal line can be shielded (such as metal bellows).

Seven, record and emergency treatment

Establish an electrical system maintenance account to record the time of each inspection, the problems found and the treatment measures (such as replacing a cable and fan), so as to trace the failure law.

In case of electrical failure (such as unresponsive equipment and abnormal motor noise), non-professionals should not disassemble it without authorization, but should immediately stop the machine and contact the manufacturer for after-sales service to avoid further failure.

Through the above targeted maintenance, the failure rate of the electrical system of the die precision engraving machine can be greatly reduced, the long-term stable operation of the equipment can be guaranteed, and the service life of the core components (such as drivers and motors) can be prolonged. Be sure to follow the specific requirements of the equipment manual when maintaining, and do not replace key electrical components with substitute components at will.