What matters should be paid attention to in the later maintenance after the installation of precision engraving machine?

Post-maintenance of precision engraving machine is the core to ensure its machining accuracy, prolong its service life and reduce downtime. It is necessary to formulate a standardized process around the four dimensions of "mechanical parts, electrical system, machining environment and consumables management". The specific precautions are as follows:

1. Mechanical core components: Focus on preventing "wear, abnormal sound and accuracy deviation"

Mechanical parts are the basis of engraving accuracy, so it is necessary to check the lubrication, cleaning and wear status regularly:

Guide rail and transmission system (precision key)

Wipe the dust and debris on the surface of the guide rail (linear guide rail/ball screw) with a dust-free cloth before starting the machine every day (especially after processing wood, plastic and other materials that are easy to produce debris) to prevent impurities from scratching the guide rail;

Fill special lubricating oil according to the model every week (such as 32#/46# for guide rail oil and high-temperature grease for ball screw), and manually push the slider/screw to reciprocate for 2-3 times after filling oil to ensure even lubrication. It is forbidden to mix different types of lubricating oil.

Check whether the dust cover (organ cover/steel belt cover) of the guide rail is damaged every month, and replace it in time to prevent dust from entering the guide rail and causing wear.

Spindle motor (power core)

After daily processing, use compressed air (pressure ≤0.5MPa) to purge the cooling hole and chuck of the spindle motor, so as to avoid the influence of dust blockage on heat dissipation; If the processing environment is wet, it is necessary to clean the motor terminal regularly with dry air to prevent short circuit due to moisture;

Check the tightness of the spindle chuck every week: when installing the cutter, if it is found that the chuck is not tightly clamped (the cutter slips), it is necessary to disassemble the chuck to clean up impurities, or replace the worn chuck gasket, and it is forbidden to over-tighten the chuck to cause deformation;

In case of abnormal noise (such as high-frequency noise and vibration) during spindle operation, it is necessary to stop the machine immediately and check whether the bearing is worn (usually, the service life of the spindle bearing is about 8,000-10,000 hours, and it needs to be replaced professionally when it expires).

Tool and tool magazine (machining execution end)

Before each tool change, clean the contact surface between the handle and the chuck (wipe with alcohol to remove oil and dust) to ensure the concentricity of clamping;

Regularly check the tool wear (such as the chipping of the milling cutter blade and the passivation of the engraving cutter tip), and replace the worn tool in time to avoid the rough surface and out-of-tolerance precision caused by tool problems;

If there is a hangar, clean the dust on the tool position of the tool magazine every week and check whether the positioning sensor of the tool magazine is offset (it can be calibrated by the "tool magazine returning to zero" test).

Second, electrical system: prevent "short circuit, poor contact and parameter disorder"

Electrical system is the "nerve" of equipment operation, so it is necessary to focus on dustproof, moistureproof and wiring inspection:

Control cabinet and circuit

Open the electrical control cabinet every month, and use the vacuum cleaner (with soft brush head) to clean the internal dust (especially near the cooling fan of frequency converter and driver) to avoid overheating of components caused by dust accumulation;

Check whether the wiring terminals (such as motor wires and sensor wires) are loose, and fasten them one by one with a screwdriver (to avoid poor contact caused by vibration and offset of engraving positioning);

It is forbidden to directly wipe the components in the control cabinet with water or alcohol. In case of oil pollution, wipe them with a dry cloth dipped in a small amount of neutral detergent.

Sensor and control system

Clean the sensing surfaces of photoelectric sensors and travel switches every week (wipe with dust-free cloth to avoid signal failure caused by dust shielding);

Regularly back up the parameters of the CNC system (such as machining coordinates and cutter compensation values) to prevent the parameters from being lost (it can be stored in a U disk or computer, and must be backed up before replacing the motherboard or upgrading the system);

It is forbidden to modify the core parameters of the system (such as servo motor gain and upper limit of spindle speed) without authorization, and the modification needs the guidance of the manufacturer's technicians.

Third, the processing environment: control "temperature and humidity, dust, vibration"

Environmental factors directly affect the stability and machining accuracy of equipment, so basic control should be done:

Temperature and humidity control

Keep the workshop temperature at 15-30℃ (temperature difference ≤5℃/ day) to avoid overheating of the spindle motor, viscosity decrease of the lubricating oil of the guide rail, or unstable performance of electrical components due to low temperature;

The humidity is controlled at 40%-60%. If the humidity is too high, it will easily lead to electrical short circuit and rust of metal parts (dehumidifier can be equipped). If the humidity is too low, it will easily produce electrostatic adsorption dust (humidifier can be equipped).

Dust and vibration isolation

Dust collection devices (such as industrial vacuum cleaners and dust hoods) should be installed in the processing area, especially when carving stone, glass and composite materials, so as to reduce dust pollution to the guide rail and spindle;

The equipment should be placed on a flat ground (the ground flatness error is less than or equal to ≤0.1mm/m/m), away from high-frequency vibration equipment such as punching machines and air compressors, so as to avoid the engraving accuracy deviation caused by vibration (shockproof pads can be installed if necessary).

Fourth, daily operation and regular maintenance: develop "standardized habits and early warning"

Daily operation specification

Before starting the machine, it is necessary to perform "zeroing operation" (return the equipment to the mechanical origin and calibrate the coordinates), and it is forbidden to skip zeroing and directly process;

After machining, it is necessary to move the spindle to a safe position (such as the middle area of the machine tool), clean up the debris on the workbench, and turn off the power supply of the CNC system and spindle motor before turning off the main power supply;

Overload machining (such as exceeding the rated engraving depth and feed speed of the equipment) is prohibited to avoid overload of the spindle and deformation of the guide rail.

Periodic maintenance plan

Every 3 months: check the levelness of the whole machine (check the workbench with a level, and adjust the anchor bolt if it deviates) and the runout of the main shaft (check with a dial indicator, the runout should be ≤0.01mm, and the out-of-tolerance should be calibrated);

Every 6 months: please ask the technical personnel of the manufacturer to carry out a comprehensive overhaul (such as spindle bearing accuracy detection, servo system calibration and guide rail accuracy recovery);

Establish a maintenance ledger to record the time, content and replacement parts of each maintenance (such as "Replacing the spindle chuck and filling the guide rail oil on May 10, 2024"), which is convenient for tracing the equipment status.

summary

The core of the maintenance of precision engraving machine is "prevention first, detail control"-through daily cleaning and lubrication, weekly component inspection, monthly electrical maintenance and regular professional maintenance, combined with standardized operating habits and suitable processing environment, problems such as "precision decline and fault shutdown" can be effectively avoided, and the equipment can maintain stable processing performance for a long time and prolong its service life (standardized maintenance can prolong the service life of equipment by more than 30%).